Concentrated sulfuric and hydrochloric acids at room temperature does not interact, reacts when heated to form a salt, oxides and water. Reaction with hydrogen fluoride, chlorine, bromine and iodine:Īluminum actively reacts with dilute acids: sulfuric, hydrochloric and nitric, with the formation of the corresponding salts: aluminum sulfate Al 2SO 4, aluminum chloride AlCl 3 and aluminum nitrate Al (NO 3) 3.Ĭ. Aluminum and halogensĪluminum reacts violently with all halogens - these are: therefore, to start and maintain the reaction of aluminum with water at room temperature, it is necessary to constantly remove or destroy this oxide layer. This oxide film is held firmly on the aluminum surface and prevents its reaction with water. The thing is, that aluminum on the surface has a thin coherent layer of aluminum oxide Al 2O 3. However, in practice, a piece of aluminum, dropped into the water, It does not react with water at room temperature and even in boiling water. Reaction (1) shows, that aluminum should spontaneously react with water at room temperature. The product of the reaction of aluminum with water at room temperature is aluminum hydroxide Al (OH) 3. Thus, alumina Al 2O 3 It becomes thermodynamically more stable, than Al (OH) 3 at an elevated temperature.

At temperatures above 480 ✬ most stable reaction product is Al 2O 3.

At a temperature of 280 to 480 ºС the most stable reaction product is AlO (OH).

At a temperature from room temperature to 280 ºС the most stable reaction product is Al (OH) 3.

All of them are also exothermic, that is, they occur with the release of heat : Īll these reactions are thermodynamically possible at a temperature of from room temperature to the melting point of aluminum 660 oC. These reactions, by the way, are of great interest in the development of compact hydrogen generation systems for vehicles, which run on hydrogen.

modification of aluminum hydroxide bohemite and hydrogen (2).

modification of aluminum hydroxide bayerite and hydrogen (1).

Aluminum can burn in oxygen dazzling white flame to form aluminum oxide Al2O3.Īluminum reacts with water according to the following reactions :Īs a result of these reactions are formed, respectively, following aluminum compounds: If this oxide layer is damaged or removed, the fresh surface of aluminum reacts with oxygen in the air.

It is therefore considered, that aluminum does not react with air. Typically, the aluminum surface is always covered with a thin layer of aluminum oxide, which protects it from exposure to air, more precisely, oxygen. more on aluminum chemistry Aluminum and air

under normal conditions – with concentrated nitric acid (also due to passivation).under normal conditions – with concentrated sulfuric acid (due to passivation – formation of a dense oxide film).oxides of less active metals (alumothermy).mineral acids (hydrochloric, phosphoric).

halogens (fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine).These reactions are determined basic chemical properties of aluminum. The principal chemical reaction of aluminum with other chemical elements. Chemical aluminum properties determined by its position in the periodic system of chemical elements.

Aluminum oxide reactivity